Dr. Sibel Özgül Polikliniği

THERAPIES AND APPLICATIONS

DR. SIBEL ÖZGÜL POLICLINIC

NORMAL PATIENT EXAMINATION

A routine patient examination is a routine examination performed by a health professional to assess a patient's health status and make a diagnosis. It is usually performed by primary care physicians, general practitioners or specialists.

A patient examination usually includes the following steps:

History Taking: The doctor collects information such as the patient's medical history, complaints, symptoms, family history and lifestyle.

Physical Examination: The doctor will perform a series of tests and examinations to assess the patient's physical condition. This may include blood pressure measurement, pulse check, body weightA and height measurement, eye examination, ear, nose and throat examination, heart and lung monitoring, etc.

Laboratory and Imaging Tests: The doctor may order blood tests, urine tests, x-rays, ultrasound and other imaging tests if necessary.

Diagnosis and Treatment Plan: Based on the patient's symptoms and signs, the doctor makes a diagnosis and determines the appropriate treatment plan. This may include prescribing medication, lifestyle changes, surgical intervention or other treatment methods. A normal patient examination is an important tool for assessing the patient's general health status and detecting health problems. These examinations can improve health outcomes by enabling patients to identify and treat health problems early on.

VASCULAR PATHWAT OPENİNG

Vascular access is a process by which healthcare professionals administer intravenous (IV) medications and fluids into a patient's circulatory system. This procedure often plays an important role in the treatment and recovery of patients.

Intravenous access usually involves the following steps:

Preparation: Healthcare professionals sterilize the site of venipuncture and prepare the necessary materials. They ensure that the patient is comfortable and finds a comfortable position during the procedure.

Insertion: Healthcare professionals use sterile techniques to access the vein with an appropriate needle and cannula. The needle is inserted into the vein and then the cannula is inserted after the needle is removed to ensure the vascular access remains open.

Connection: Once the cannula is in place, healthcare professionals connect the IV set or other medical device to the IV line. This allows medicines or fluids to be given directly into the vein, depending on the patient's needs.

Establishing a vascular access can be vital in emergency situations and allows patients to effectively administer treatments such as fluid intake, medication or blood transfusions. This is an essential step in the patient's treatment process and its proper execution is important for patient comfort and safety.

IM INJECTION

IM (intramuscular) injection is the process of injecting drugs or other medicinal substances directly into muscle tissue. This type of injection is often preferred to provide a faster effect or to increase the absorption of the medication directly into the circulation.

IM injection usually involves the following steps:

Preparation: The needle and drug are prepared, and the injection site is sterilized. If necessary, the patient is placed in a suitable position.

Choosing the Injection Site: Usually large muscle groups such as the buttocks, thighs or upper arms are common sites for IM injections.

Injection: The healthcare professional enters the injection site with a sterile needle and injects the medicine into the muscle tissue. The needle must be inserted deep enough and at a right angle to the skin.

Injecting the medicine: Once the needle is in the correct position, the medicine is injected slowly. The needle is then removed and the injection site is gently pressed with a sterile gauze pad.

IM injections are often used in emergency situations or in situations that require rapid absorption of medicines. Such injections enable patients to receive medication effectively during the treatment process and play an important role in the management of many medical conditions.

IV INJECTION

IV (intravenous) injection is the process of injecting medicines or other medical substances directly into the patient's veins. These injections allow the medicines to enter the circulatory system quickly and distribute effectively throughout the body.

IV injections usually involve the following steps:

Preparation: Needle, infusion set and medication are prepared. The injection site is sterilized and a suitable vein is found to access the patient's vein.

Insertion: The healthcare professional inserts a sterile needle and infusion set into the patient's vein. This is usually done at an appropriate site, such as the veins in the arm, hand or foot.

Delivery of medication: Once the needle is in the correct position, the medicine is given slowly or at a steady rate into the vein. This may vary depending on the patient's health condition and the drug being given.

Monitoring: After the drug is administered, the patient's condition is carefully monitored. During IV injection, observation is made for possible complications or side effects.

IV injections are commonly used in emergency situations, when fluid replacement is required, nutritional support is needed, or when medicines need to take effect quickly. These injections allow patients to receive medication efficiently during the treatment process and increase the effectiveness of medical interventions.

INTRAVENOUS DRUG INFUSION

Intravenous (IV) drug infusion is a medical procedure that allows a patient to receive medication or fluids through a vein. This method allows medicines or fluids to be administered directly into the circulatory system, allowing them to take effect quickly. IV drug infusion plays an important role in the patient's treatment process and is used to manage many different medical conditions.

IV drug infusion usually involves the following steps:

Preparation: Medicines and necessary equipment are prepared. The patient's vascular access is determined and sterilized.

Preparation of Medicines: The drugs are dosed appropriately and mixed into the infusion solution.

Connecting the Infusion Set: The infusion set is connected to the patient's vein and medications are administered into the patient's circulatory system using a drug infusion pump or gravity method.

Monitoring: During the infusion, the patient's vital signs (blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate) are monitored regularly. It is also checked that the drug infusion is proceeding correctly and that the patient is not having any adverse reactions.

IV drug infusion is used in many different medical conditions. For example, antibiotic therapy, pain management, fluid replacement, nutritional support, chemotherapy and other treatments can be administered through IV infusion. This method is important to improve patients' response to treatment and ensure their speedy recovery.

SUBCUTAN INJECTION

Subcutaneous injection is the process of injecting medicines into the subcutaneous tissue. This type of injection is usually administered using a small, thin needle and allows the medicines to be absorbed slowly.

Subcutaneous injection usually involves the following steps:

Preparation: Needle and drug are prepared. The injection site is sterilized.

Choosing the Injection Site: Generally, areas with abundant adipose tissue, such as the abdomen, upper legs or upper arms, are the places where subcutaneous injections are applied.

Insertion of a needle: The healthcare professional enters the subcutaneous tissue using a sterile needle. The needle can be inserted into the skin at a 45-degree angle or perfectly perpendicular.

Injecting the medicine: Once the needle is in the correct position, the medicine is injected slowly. This allows the medicine to be slowly absorbed into the subcutaneous tissue.

Subcutaneous injections are often used for certain medicines, such as insulin, or for small volumes of medicines. Such injections are easy for the patient to self-administer at home. They are also important for controlling the absorption and effect of medicines.

TAKING A SUTURE

Suture removal is the removal of stitches used after a surgical procedure. This procedure is performed after the wound has healed and helps complete healing by preventing unnecessary stitches from remaining on the skin.

Suture removal usually involves the following steps:

Preparation: The area where the sutures will be removed is cleaned and sterilized. The health professional prepares the necessary equipment.

Removal of Sutures: Using a sterile pair of tweezers or surgical scissors, the healthcare professional grasps one end of the sutures and gently removes them. Depending on the location and frequency of the stitches on the skin, this step may be repeated.

Check and Care: The area is carefully examined to ensure that all stitches have been removed and the wound has healed completely. Following removal of the sutures, care instructions are given to support the continuation of the wound healing process.

Suture removal is important to ensure proper healing of the wound after surgical intervention. This procedure reduces the risk of infection that can result from sutures being left on the skin and allows the patient to recover faster.

CUT SUTURATION

Cut suturing is a surgical technique used to close cuts or wounds on the skin. This technique helps to speed up the healing process and reduce the risk of infection by bringing the edges of the skin together.

Cut suturing usually involves the following steps:

Preparation: The area to be sutured is sterilized and the necessary equipment is prepared. The health professional cleans the cut edges and places them appropriately.

Selection of needle and thread: Thread of appropriate thickness and strength is selected. The sewing needle is passed between the cut edges to sew the leather.

Suturation: With a needle and thread, the health professional brings the edges of the cut together and sutures them. The stitches are usually secured with a knot and the cut is closed.

Cut suturing is a common method of closing skin cuts and wounds. This method accelerates wound closure, leading to faster healing and reducing the risk of infection. It is also important to achieve an aesthetic appearance and promote tissue healing.

REGİONAL INJECTION

Regional injection is the process of injecting medication or other medical substances directly into a specific area of the body. This type of injection is often used to target a specific pain or discomfort, or to provide a localized effect.

Regional injection usually involves the following steps:

Preparation: The injection site is sterilized and the necessary equipment is prepared. The needle and drug are selected correctly.

Determining the Injection Site: The healthcare professional determines the injection site and inserts the needle at an appropriate point.

Insertion of the needle and administration of medication: The needle is inserted at a right angle into the designated area and the medicine is slowly injected. After the needle is removed, the injection site is gently pressed with a sterile gauze pad.

Regional injections can be used for pain control, to reduce inflammation, muscle relaxation or to have an effect in a specific area. This is an effective option to relieve or treat patients' symptoms in a specific area. Depending on the area of application and the patient's needs, regional injections may use different medications or treatment modalities.